热点背景

    高考英语书面表达近年来“高烧不退”。在大部分省区为25分，占到试卷分值的1/6，有些省份还有逐步加大的趋势，如山东在2007年已经由原来的25分上升到了30分，占到了1/5，而且字数也由原来的100词左右上升到了120~150词之间了。北京卷考查的两篇书面表达，共计35分，第一节是一篇情景作文，20分，词数不少于60个；而第二节是开放作文，15分，词数不少于50个。广东卷的书面表达也分为两节，第一节为基础写作，共1小题，满分15分；第二节为读写任务，共1小题，满分25分，词数150左右，这两节的总分高达40分，超过了总分值的1/4。更有甚者，上海卷由翻译句子和指导性写作组成，总分高达45分，是所有书面表达类中所占分值最高的。种种迹象表明，高考越来越重视对考生语言实际应用能力和写作能力的考查。书面表达的成绩是否理想，事实上成为了考生高考成败的关键环节。

命题展望

    综合2007年全国各地对书面表达的考查，我们不难看出:

    1.应用文将会是2008高考英语书面表达的重中之重，尤其是各类与书信格式相关的应用文类题材，绝不可轻视。

    2.议论文是高考英语书面表达不可忽视的另一个热点，也是发展的一大趋势，因为它能更好地考查考生的思辨能力，让其有理有据地自圆其说。

    3.说明文虽然正在逐年减少，但也不会一下子从高考英语书面表达中淡化出去，仍然值得关注和加强训练。

    4.高考英语书面表达正在逐步由一节向两节转变，例如北京卷、上海卷和广东卷，都由一节变成了两节。

    5.分值正在逐年增大，由原来的25分逐渐增加到了30分、40分甚至45分，特别强调了听说读写能力中写的能力，因此必须在平时加大对写的能力的训练。

    6.正逐渐与国家的热点问题相联系，例如2007年山东卷的要求是：今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。因此，高三考生在平时的学习中也一定要关心国家的大事，尤其是事关全局的具有重大而长远影响的国家决策等。

分类点拨

    1.应用文（电子邮件）：假设你是李华，昨天学校为你们举办了18岁成人仪式。请根据下列要点给你在美国的笔友发一封电子邮件，描述仪式过程并简述你的感受。

【写作导引】

Dear Tom：

       It is great to receive your e-mail. Now I'd like to tell you something that took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we held a growing-up ceremony for our coming 18-year-old birthday. At first we made an oath that as grown-ups we should have a sense of duty for our society from now on. Then we showed our thanks to our parents who had gone through hardships to bring us up and teachers who have been educating us patiently. And our teachers also gave us cards expressing their good wishes to us. Finally， we put on wonderful performances， singing and dancing. We learned a lot from the activity. I think it's very important for us. I will remember the day in my life.

    2.应用文（日记）：今天（3月15日）下午你班举行了一次讨论会。一方喜欢老教师，因为他们教学耐心、讲解细致和经验丰富等。而另一方喜欢青年教师，因为他们精力充沛、教学活泼和勇于创新等。而你的观点是……

    要求：请以日记的形式记述一下今天的班会，词数为120~150。

【写作导引】

       March 15th      Thursday    Sunny

       We held a discussion about which is better between elderly and young teachers in the class meeting this afternoon. Some students said that they like elderly teachers' teaching because they think they have more teaching experience and they are patient and careful with explanations and so on.

       However， I prefer to the young teachers. First of all， we students have much in common with them not only in life and but also in study. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. On one hand， they are more energetic and enthusiastic. On the other hand， they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides， they are more ready to accept or create new ideas， including teaching. Finally， most young teachers devote themselves to their work， making them teach creatively and effectively.

       In a word， I prefer young teachers to elderly ones.

    3.议论文（辩论）：最近你班同学对课改后教科书的优缺点进行了讨论。支持方认为新教材词汇量大，内容丰富，接近学生生活，同学们都喜闻乐见。反对方认为词汇量过大，难于记忆，课文太长，有很多与学习无关的东西，并略述自己的观点。

【写作导引】

        Recently，our class had a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the new textbook. Some students who're for it think it's wonderful for providing us with enough vocabulary and colorful contents. The stories given seem like the things that happen around us and there're so many humors to read. However，the other side gives the opposite opinion. They believe there're so many new words that they couldn't master and use them freely though they've tried their best. Furthermore，the texts are too long to remember. On the other hand，there're so many materials that have nothing to do with improving the students' abilities.

        In a word，I think the new textbook is better than the former one.

    4.说明文（发言稿）：你是一名中学生，设想假期有一段打工经历。开学初在英语课上，你用英语向同学们讲述你的体会。

【写作导引】

       Nowadays it is not unusual for many students to find part-time jobs. During this past winter holidays. I once worked as a waiter at a McDonald's. At first I couldn't stand the hard work. But as time went on，I came to realize that I did a meaningful thing. First I earned enough money which can support my future study. Today some of us keep on asking our parents for money，but now I don't have to do so. It's really great. And I began to learn about the value of money.

       Besides，I also learned how to get along with others. It gets me prepared for my future work. So I suggest all of us students getting a part-time job so that we can get a little working and social experience.

       That's all. Thank you.

    5.说明文（广播稿）：假设你是业余气象员，你从电台天气预报节目得知了今晚和明天上午你处的天气情况，晚饭后6点钟在校广播室用英语向全体师生作天气预报，并提出忠告。要点如下：1.午夜至凌晨两点有强劲北风；2.气温将下降5~8度；3.明天上午有阵雨；4.要求同学们今晚离开教室时关好门窗；5.明天早上起床时多穿些衣服，以防感冒；6.词数100左右。

【写作导引】

       Teachers and schoolmates，Attention，please.

       It is six o'clock in the afternoon. I'm now giving the weather forecast as usual. From midnight to 2：00 tomorrow morning there will be strong north wind blowing across our town and the temperature will drop by 5~8℃.Also there will be showers tomorrow morning. Therefore be sure to close all the windows when you leave your classroom tonight and when you get up tomorrow morning，please put on more clothes in order to protect yourself from catching cold.

       That's all. Thank you.

    6.说明文(社会热点)：2008年8月8日，第29届北京奥运会将在北京开幕了，因此运动成为了人们关注的热点社会话题之一，请以体育运动的好处为题写一篇书面表达。要点包括:体育运动的好处；体育运动可能带来的副作用；个人参加体育运动的体会。

【写作导引】

       Sports benefit us in many ways. First，sports can make us fit and strong physically. When taking part in sports，we get the chance to train almost all parts of our bodies. Then sports can maintain our psychological well being. When we feel we're in a low spirit. Taking part in sports can help us forget our anxieties and worries. Eventually，sports can teach us some lessons about life. Through participation，we can learn on the playground we not only struggle for ourselves but also fight for our team. Sports teach us to be considerate，cooperative and optimistic.

       But sports can also bring us lots of trouble. It's especially true when we cannot plan our activities properly. Too much exercise may make us exhausted. Too hard training may hurt us or even make us sick.

       I'm fond of sports because I not only gain a well balanced life through going in for sports，but also get more chances to make more friends，to move closer to nature. Sports add happiness to my everyday life when I participate in them in a proper way.

拓展训练

    1.北京奥运会、残奥会城市志愿者招募工作自2007年6月18日正式启动以来，截至7月30日，报名总人数已超27万。高职大专以上学历的占总人数的70%，具备两项以上专业技能的占总人数的41.9%，第一外语为英语的占总人数的76%。请据此写一篇短文，评价一下大学生参加奥运会志愿活动的意义。

    2.参加西部计划的大学生奔赴服务地，从事教育、卫生、扶贫、农技和青年中心建设及管理等志愿服务。到西部去能否发挥作用、能否有所作为，关键取决于自己是否积极地、创造性地开展工作。请据此写一篇100词左右的短文，说明一下大学生参加西部志愿活动对自己和国家的影响。

    3.青少年学生所处的年龄段正是世界观形成的重要时期，也是良好的社会公德、行为习惯和健全人格形成的重要时期。一些剧烈的社会变化正在猛烈地撞击着学生的思想和心灵，深刻影响着学子们的行为，因此加强当前大学生的思想道德建设，是关系到21世纪国家前途和命运的大事，是社会主义精神文明建设的一项战略任务。请据此写一篇100词左右的短文，说明一下青少年学生应该如何做。

    4.高三生活快要结束了，我们即将迈入大学，请根据你对大学生活的想象和渴望，为自己规划一下大学生活。请据此写一篇100词左右的短文，规划一下自己的未来的大学生活将如何度过。

    5.青年国际交流活动以和谐、包容、认同、体验和创造为主题，增进了解和友谊的重要机会，倡导世界和平、人类发展、共同繁荣的理念，体现多元文化和谐共处的特点。请据此写一篇100词左右的短文，说明青年国际交流活动的意义和作用。