《考试》5月16日消息 动词是历年高考热点，也是高三英语复习备考重难点。下文对近三年高考题进行盘点，拟总结规律，剖析难点，指出应试策略，指导考生轻松过关。

　　热点一：动词词义辨析

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　　[热点透视]考查考生在特定语境中恰当运用动词能力。

　　[难点剖析]备选动词词义相近，用法相似。

　　[考题盘点]

　　1.(03-25)If anybody calls ,tell them I’m out ,and ask them to ______their name and address.

　　A. pass B. write C. take D. leave

　　据题意应选leave,表“留下”。其余动词不合题意，故选D。

　　[备考策略]①结合语境，从区别词义着手；其次从用法上加以区别，如后跟to do\doing做宾语，还是跟双宾语，或者是复合宾语等。

　　②加强对考纲内重要近义动词的复习。如：spend ,waste , take, kill；raise, keep, support, feed等。

　　[过关训练]

　　2.(沪04-46)Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ___one-year-old twins at the head.

　　A. isolated B. separated

　　C. divided D. removed

　　3.(浙04-30) If you are feeling so tired ,perhaps a little sleep would ______.

　　A. act B. help C. serve D. last

　　Key B B

　　热点二、动词短语辨析

　　[热点透视]考查考生在具体语境中运用动词短语能力。

　　[难点剖析]①备选词组形近或义近，或二者兼备或同一动词不同搭配；

　　②除涉及词义辨析外，还结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。

　　[考题盘点]

　　4.(03-31)News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.

　　A. have broken down B. have broken out

　　C. have broken in D. have broken up

　　此题还涉及时态，增加了试题难度。考查同一动词不同搭配，break up表打碎，化合物分解，大学放假等；break down表(机器等)坏掉，(计划、谈判等)失败，物理分解等；故选A。

　　5.(04-32)You can take anything from the shelf and read ,but please _____the books when you’ve finished with them.

　　A. put on B. put down

　　C. put back D. put off

　　put是考生熟悉的词，故此题难度不大，据题意put back表放回原处，故选C。

　　[备考策略]①对词义相近短语加强词义辨析，如：make up(构成，组成),take up(占据时间、空间)，keep up (保持)，hold up(延误、举起)；

　　②部分词组本身就表被动，如：come up(被提出)；还有一部分词组无被动语态，如：come about, break out等。

　　[过关训练]

　　6. (京04-35) I don’t ______rock roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

　　A. go after B. go away with

　　C. go into D. go in for

　　7. (津04-33 ) It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____it.

　　A. got over B. got on with

　　C. got around D. got out of

　　Key D A

　　[过关训练]

　　22. (鄂04-30) On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____pale.

　　A. got B. changed

　　C. went D. appeared

　　23. (沪04-34) The flowers _____sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A. to smell B. smelling

　　C. smelt D. to be smelt

　　Key C B

　　热点七：情态动词

　　[热点透视]情态动词表推测的用法；情态动词的完成时。

　　[难点剖析] must\can’t\shouldn’t\needn’

　　t\ought to\etc.+ have done的意义及用法；shall用于二、三人称表允诺，命令，警告，强制等；must, can, may表推测用法见下表。

　　表三

　　单词用法

　　must用于肯定句中，肯定语气最强。must not表“禁止”。

　　can不用于肯定句中，肯定语气次之。若用于肯定句中，表偶尔一时的特征。can’t表“不可能”。

　　may用于肯定句中，肯定语气最弱。may not表“可能不”。

　　[考题盘点]

　　24.(03-28) A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

　　A. should B. can

　　C. must D. will

　　此题考查can表可以、能够的用法，故选B。

　　25.(04-29)— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

　　—No, it ____be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

　　A. can’t B. must not

　　C. won’t D. may not

　　can’t表不可能，语气肯定，破折号加以注释，据题意，选A。

　　[备考策略]①考生应熟练掌握情态动词used to\would表过去常常的区别；can\may表许可的区别；should\ought to表应该的区别；could\be able to表能力的区别。

　　②侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和情态动词的完成时。

　　[过关训练]

　　26. (辽04-29)—Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____I go out and play with Tom for a while?

　　—No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.

　　A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t

　　C. May not D. Won’t

　　27. (浙04-26) I ____pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.

　　A. should B. might

　　C. would D. could

　　Key A A

　　热点八：非谓语动词

　　[热点透视]非谓语动词作状语、定语和补语

　　[难点剖析]①非谓语动词作状语：注意前后逻辑主语一致；结合省略对考生进行综合考查；区别祈使句式和并列结构，关注标点符号，在解题时尤为关键。

　　②非谓语动词作定语：不定式作定语表动作尚未发生，与所修饰名词构成动宾关系。若不定式逻辑主语同时也为句子主语，用主动表被动，反之用被动(如：I’m leaving on business. Do you have anything to be taken there?)，另还需注意不及物动词加介词；现在分词作定语表动作正在进行或习惯性经常性动作；过去分词作定语表动作完成，与所修饰名词构成动宾关系。

　　③非谓语动词作补语：能后跟非谓语动词作宾补的动词数量有限，格外注意使役动词和感官动词；为增加试题的干扰性，将宾语和补语分离改作定语从句的先行词(如：The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.)或将作宾补改作主补(如：The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.)；注意“with+ n.\pron.+补语”结构的用法。

　　④动词不定式作状语、定语时，注意避开定向思维的干扰。

　　例Which do you enjoy to kill your spare time—watching TV or playing football?

　　⑤疑问词+to do的用法。

　　例It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.

　　[考题盘点]

　　28. (02-34) The research is so designed that once ____nothing can be done to change it.

　　A. begins B. having begun

　　C. beginning D. begun

　　此题结合省略考查过去分词的用法，完整的从句为once it was begun,故选D。

　　29. (03-22) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____in the kitchen.

　　A. smoke B. smoking

　　C. to smoke D. smoked

　　现在分词作主补，是find+n.+doing sth的变形，故选B。

　　[备考策略]明辨关系，看动作进展，充分考虑时态和语态，慎重选择三种形式。

　　[过关训练]

　　30. (京04-29)_____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

　　A. To wait B. Have waited

　　C. Having waited D. To have waited

　　31.(沪04-35)The disk, digitally ____in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

　　A. recorded B. recording

　　C. to be recorded D. having recorded

　　Key：C A

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